First convert the .vmdk to a format compatible with qemu-img.
Turns out this can be done with vmware-vdiskmanager.
1. Converting from .vmdk
vmware-vdiskmanager -r Ubuntu.vmdk -t 0 Ubuntu-copy.vmdk
Note: If you have multiple disks, use Ubuntu.vmdk as well (you do not need to convert each Ubuntu-f001.vmdk).
Note: That is a -t Zero not a capital O. see man vmware-vdiskmanager.
Note: vmware-vdiskmanager is part of vmware server (and workstation, not sure about player).
2.Convert to .qcow2 (KVM, QEMU)
qemu-img convert Ubuntu-copy.vmdk -O qcow2 Ubuntu-copy.qcow2
3. Now you may run it in KVM.
kvm -hda Ubuntu-copy.qcow2 -net nic -net user -m 512